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Swing bowling is a technique used for bowling in the sport of cricket. Practitioners are known as swing bowlers. Swing bowling is generally classed as a subtype of fast bowling.
Swing only works when a ball is bowled at a speed of say 50km/hr.
The aim of the swing bowling is to change the original trajectory of the ball so as to confuse or deceive the batsman in playing wrong shot.
Swing of the ball is determined by bowler and other certain variables.
•The raised seam of the cricket ball.
•The angle of the seam to the direction of travel.
•The wear and tear on the ball.
•The polishing liquid used on the ball.
•The speed of the delivery.
•The bowler's action.
I will not dive into the physics of swing but let's talk about ball tampering
BALL TAMPERING
In the sport of cricket, ball tampering is an action in which a fielder illegally alters the condition of the ball. The motive behind ball tampering is to make the ball swing more than usual without any control over it's swing, which makes it difficult for the batsman to defend himself. Thus the bowler gets an undue advantage.
PURPOSE
Generally, the purpose of altering the state of the ball is to achieve more favourable bowling conditions. Examples of ball tampering would include a fielder applying a substance, such as lip balm or sweetened saliva, to shine one side of the ball or pick the seam of the ball to encourage more swing. By, roughening one side of the ball by use of an abrasive or rough surface (such as boot spikes or sandpaper or bottle caps) is also ball tampering.
Cricket ball
Source:pixabay.com
LEGALLY ALTERING
Using spit and/or sweat is common and, for practitioners of swing bowling, integral. The moisture gained from spit or sweat when combined with polishing, smooths out one half of the ball which in turn allows air to pass over one side of the ball more quickly than over the other. Also, it is common for fielders to rub the ball against their clothing to dry or polish it, as seen in most cricket matches.
SECTION
Under Law 41, sub section 3 of the Laws of cricket, the ball may be polished without the use of an artificial substance, may be dried with a towel if it is wet, and have mud removed from it under supervision. Any actions done other than prescribed method will be deemed as ball tampering.
CONDITIONS AND OBLIGATIONS
The umpires are responsible for monitoring the condition of the ball, and must inspect it regularly. Where an umpire has deemed a player to be guilty of ball tampering, 5 penalty runs are awarded to the opposing captain and the ball is immediately replaced with a new ball.
The use of foreign substances to polish the ball is illegal, but may be difficult to detect by the umpires, especially if mixed with saliva (the use of saliva and sweat alone is allowed). Substances which have been used for this purpose include hair gel, sugar from sweets, and lip balm. Some commentators have suggested that this form of undetected ball tampering may be common.
SOME BALL TAMPERING INSTANCES
Waqar Younis, 2000
Waqar Younisof pakistan became the first player to receive a suspension for ball tampering after a match in July 2000, and was fined 50% of his match fee.
Rahul Dravid, 2004
Rahul dravid of India rubbed a cough lozenge on the shiny side of the ball at the Gabba during an Australian Tri series match against Zimbabwe. India won the match, but footage emerged of Dravid tampering with the ball, and he was fined 50% of his match fee.
Sachin Tendulkar, 2001
In the second Test match of India's 2001 tour of South Africa, at At George park, Port Elizabeth, match referee mike Deness suspended Tendulkar for one game in light of alleged ball tampering. Television cameras picked up images that suggested Tendulkar was scuffing the seam of the cricket ball, though Tendulkar claimed he was actually just removing a piece of grass stuck in the seam
South Africa vs Australia, 2016
Another South African was charged with ball tampering on 18 November 2016 after their victory in the second test against Australia in Hobart. Skipper Fad du plessis was alleged to have tampered with the condition of the ball after TV footage appeared to show him applying saliva onto the ball from a mint or a lolly. The charge was made by the ICC, although Cricket Australia did not file a complaint. Du Plessis was found guilty of ball tampering on 22 November and fined his match fee from the second Test.
Australia vs South Africa, 2018
Bancroft was charged with ball tampering on 24th march 2018 while playing against South Africa. As seen from the footage he was seen removing a particular strip from this pockets and then rubbing it against the ball. He claimed it o be adhesive tape used for removing dirt from the ball. Investigators later found out to be sandpaper. Upon through investigation found out that David Warner was directly involved in the tampering of the ball.
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